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OSI model

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OSI model OSI model is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection is used to define how data is transferred from one system to another system in a computer network. Now you may ask how a network is formed? If two computers are connected to each other with LAN cables, connectors and Network Interface Card forms a network. Since the designing and infrastructure won't be similar of two computers the OSI model was introduced by ISO(International Organization for Standardization) in 1984 for a successful communication between computers or networks. OSI model consists of  7 different layers 1. Application layer 2. Presentation layer 3. Session layer 4. Transport layer 5. Network layer 6. Data link layer 7. Physical layer Now I'm going to give a mnemonic to remember the OSI model Please-Do-Not-Throw-Sausage-Pizza-Away, easy right? Application layer - Application layer does not include applications like chrome, firefox instead it incl
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Ethical hacking terminologies

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Ethical Hacking Terminologies  Following is the list of terms that are frequently used in the field of ethical hacking . If you are not aware of these terms then it would be difficult for you to understand the concept of ethical hacking properly. Thus knowing this will ease your process of going further in this domain. Vulnerability -  A weakness, flaw or loophole in a system, network or any device that can be exploited. Threat -  A danger that can exploit an existing bug or vulnerability to compromise the security of a network system. Attack - An action that is done to extract a sensitive data by getting unauthorized access of a system. Phishing - A process where an attacker creates fake website or url which looks like a legit page but it's to trap the user to get sensitive data. Backdoor -  A hidden entry point which can bypass the authentication process i.e logins and passwords also known as trapdoor. Brute
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Phases of ethical hacking

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Phases of Ethical Hacking  In order to be successful in hacking, a hacker needs to follow some steps or you can say phases which involves 5 crucial stages which helps hackers to make a structured ethical hacking attack. Reconnaissance : This is the first phase of hacking   where an attacker gathers as much information as possible. It is also called as footprinting or information gathering. Information that we collect is divided in three groups - network, host, people. There are two types of reconnaissance  - Active & Passive. Active - Direct communication is involved to gather information about the target. Information can be regarding an individual or an organization so anytime if somebody is taking too much interest on you or your background - Be alert! Tools used to scan a network can be Nmap , Hping , etc Passive - Here indirect communication takes place. Information can be gathered using social media websites or public websites. Scanning :  Here an
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