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MAC Address Stands for Media Access Control made up of 6 two digits hexadecimal numbers separated by colons. For eg an ethernet card may have a MAC address of  00:ac:1b:2f:ed:8e. Just like an IP address a MAC address is also a unique identification number. MAC address can never be changed but yes can be spoofed! a MAC address is a hardware address or a physical address which is given to a network adapter when it is manufactured. It is hard-coded on your computer's network interface card (NIC). An NIC turns data into an electrical signal that can be transmitted over network. MAC layer resides on layer-2 of an OSI model that is data link layer. If your computer has multiple network adapters each adapter will have its own MAC address. If you want to find out the MAC address of your device follow the steps - For Windows user - Step 1 : Press windows key plus R, a dialog box will appear asking you to type a name of a program, folder, document..   Step 2 : ...

IP Address IP stands for Internet Protocol which consists of unique address represented by numbers e.g 192.168.0.5 and can be found on any device connected to a network . Why do we need an IP address?  An IP address allows a computer to send and receive information to and from specific computers in a given network. Likewise how we request any information on internet, while the request that is been sent is been checked from which address the request is coming and it gets our public IP address, if we are unable to access any website it means our ISP(Internet Service Provider) has blocked our IP to get an access of that website. If you want to check IP of your system you can do the following :  Step 1 : Press windows key plus R, a dialog box will appear asking you to type a name of a program, folder, document..   Step 2 : Type cmd Step 3 : Press ok Step 4 : Type ipconfig and press enter  If you are using linux operating ...

OSI model OSI model is an acronym for Open Systems Interconnection is used to define how data is transferred from one system to another system in a computer network. Now you may ask how a network is formed? If two computers are connected to each other with LAN cables, connectors and Network Interface Card forms a network. Since the designing and infrastructure won't be similar of two computers the OSI model was introduced by ISO(International Organization for Standardization) in 1984 for a successful communication between computers or networks. OSI model consists of  7 different layers 1. Application layer 2. Presentation layer 3. Session layer 4. Transport layer 5. Network layer 6. Data link layer 7. Physical layer Now I'm going to give a mnemonic to remember the OSI model Please-Do-Not-Throw-Sausage-Pizza-Away, easy right? Application layer - Application layer does not include applications like chrome, firefox instead it incl...

Ethical Hacking Terminologies  Following is the list of terms that are frequently used in the field of ethical hacking . If you are not aware of these terms then it would be difficult for you to understand the concept of ethical hacking properly. Thus knowing this will ease your process of going further in this domain. Vulnerability -  A weakness, flaw or loophole in a system, network or any device that can be exploited. Threat -  A danger that can exploit an existing bug or vulnerability to compromise the security of a network system. Attack - An action that is done to extract a sensitive data by getting unauthorized access of a system. Phishing - A process where an attacker creates fake website or url which looks like a legit page but it's to trap the user to get sensitive data. Backdoor -  A hidden entry point which can bypass the authentication process i.e logins and passwords also known as trapdoor. ...

Phases of Ethical Hacking  In order to be successful in hacking, a hacker needs to follow some steps or you can say phases which involves 5 crucial stages which helps hackers to make a structured ethical hacking attack. Reconnaissance : This is the first phase of hacking   where an attacker gathers as much information as possible. It is also called as footprinting or information gathering. Information that we collect is divided in three groups - network, host, people. There are two types of reconnaissance  - Active & Passive. Active - Direct communication is involved to gather information about the target. Information can be regarding an individual or an organization so anytime if somebody is taking too much interest on you or your background - Be alert! Tools used to scan a network can be Nmap , Hping , etc Passive - Here indirect communication takes place. Information can be gathered using social media websites or public websites. Scanning...

What is Hacking ? Definition -  Hacking is an attempt to exploit a system, network, or a device using some tools or techniques to gain unauthorized access in a system to manipulate, corrupt, destroy the data for its own need or to seek a revenge. Most people think hacking is illegal, well that depends on an intent of a hacker. Hacking   can be legal or illegal, If a hacker has a permission to penetrate into a system it's said to be a legal practice because he/she is only securing a system by informing the vulnerabilities to the organization, which is known as ethical hacking If you are caught performing some illegal activities you will have to face the consequences because the result is going to be drastic, which is known as unethical hacking . Now that you got to learn what does hacking mean, let's see what are the types of hackers Black Hat Hacker : Black Hat Hackers are also known as crackers. These are the types ...

What is Cyber Security? In today's era every one is aware of the term internet and terms related to internet, each one of us uses for some or the other purpose and we should because it consist of huge resources but do you know how much safe you are while using internet? Or details you put in a site is a safe website? Or images, videos or any file that you download is from a trustworthy website? If you are already aware, well congratulations! because you are one of those people who will keep its data or information secure,but if you don't know from now on you will definitely because you will further come to know how much attention is required while surfing on internet and that is what we call as cyber security . Cyber security is the practice to protect network, data, device, program, computer from malicious activity, attack or unauthorized access. Cyberattacks mainly focuses on accessing, destroying, manipulating sensitive information to an individual or busin...